Gomorphv2: Gothic inflectional morphology

Header

Language: Gothic [ISO 639 code: got]

This formal description of Gothic inflectional morphology is the input specification for a program that generates valid Gothic paradigms. As such, it's a strictly technical document, not necessarily an accurate (diachronic or synchronic) linguistic description. The primary goal is to build an application that generates accurate paradigms, not to present a model that claims linguistic validity. Obviously, the specification closely mirrors linguistic reality to some extent, for instance when dealing with phonological rules. Paragraph numbers in the documentation refer to Wilhelm Streitberg 1920: Gotisches Elementarbuch [abbreviation St] and Braune/Ebbinghaus 1981: Gotische Grammatik [abbreviation BE].

Filename: Gothic.xml
Version: 0.95 (last modified on 2026-01-27)
History:
    0.81 [2003-07-15]: Finished thorough revision of Noun.
    0.82 [2003-07-28]: Finished thorough revision of Adjective.
    0.83 [2003-08-05]: Finished thorough revision of strong and weak Verb.
    0.84 [2003-08-04]: Added Verba präterito-präsentia.
    0.85 [2003-08-05]: Added numerals.
    0.86 [2003-08-08]: Added class Indeclinable.
    0.87 [2003-09-11]: Added declension of "ikei" and "þuei" to class Pers.Pronoun.
    0.88 [2003-09-12]: Added declension of "mannahun" and "ƕashun" to class Pronoun.
    0.89 [2003-09-15]: Corrected typographic error in definition of class Mnd; removed lemma-filter on class Superlative.
    0.90 [2003-09-17]: Added declension of "ainƕarjizuh", "ƕaþaruh" and "ainƕaþaruh" to class Pronoun; minor correction in class "abl.V.6".
    0.91 [2003-10-24]: Added missing forms to paradigms of "ainƕarjizuh", "saƕazuh" and "þisƕazuh".
    0.92 [2004-04-14]: Corrected error in definition of pronoun "sah": "þans" > "þanzuh".
    0.93 [2005-03-29]: Corrected error in definition of defective verbs "ga-nah" and "bi-nah".
    0.94 [2006-01-27]: Added accusative neuter form to paradigm of "saƕazuh".
    0.95 [2026-01-27]: Updated URLs and DTD reference; modernized XSLT style sheet; minor edits to description.

Author: Tom De Herdt
URL: https://www.wulfila.be

This HTML document was generated from the source file with XSLT on 2026-01-29T02:56:59.6033321+01:00.

Table of contents


Base class Indeclinable

Base class Noun
·   2.1 Derived abstract class _VocStems
·   ·   2.1.1 Derived abstract class _MaStems
·   ·   ·   2.1.1.1 Derived class Ma
·   ·   ·   2.1.1.2 Derived abstract class _MjaStems
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.1.2.1 Derived class Mja
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.1.2.2 Derived class Mia
·   ·   ·   2.1.1.3 Derived class Mwa
·   ·   2.1.2 Derived abstract class _NaStems
·   ·   ·   2.1.2.1 Derived class Na
·   ·   ·   2.1.2.2 Derived abstract class _NjaStems
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.2.2.1 Derived class Nja
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.2.2.2 Derived class Nia
·   ·   ·   2.1.2.3 Derived class Nwa
·   ·   2.1.3 Derived abstract class _oStems
·   ·   ·   2.1.3.1 Derived class Fo
·   ·   ·   2.1.3.2 Derived abstract class _joStems
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.3.2.1 Derived class Fjo
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.3.2.2 Derived class Fio
·   ·   ·   2.1.3.3 Derived class Fwo
·   ·   2.1.4 Derived abstract class _iStems
·   ·   ·   2.1.4.1 Derived class Mi
·   ·   ·   2.1.4.2 Derived class Fi
·   ·   ·   ·   2.1.4.2.1 Derived class Fi-o
·   ·   2.1.5 Derived abstract class _uStems
·   ·   ·   2.1.5.1 Derived class u
·   ·   ·   2.1.5.2 Derived class Mu
·   ·   ·   2.1.5.3 Derived class Fu
·   ·   ·   2.1.5.4 Derived class Nu
·   ·   ·   2.1.5.5 Derived class Mu-i
·   2.2 Derived abstract class _ConsStems
·   ·   2.2.1 Derived class Mn
·   ·   2.2.2 Derived class Fn
·   ·   2.2.3 Derived class Nn
·   ·   2.2.4 Derived abstract class _rStems
·   ·   ·   2.2.4.1 Derived class Mr
·   ·   ·   2.2.4.2 Derived class Fr
·   ·   2.2.5 Derived class Mnd
·   2.3 Derived abstract class _RootNouns
·   ·   2.3.1 Derived class Fkons
·   ·   2.3.2 Derived class Mkons

Base class Adjective
·   3.1 Derived abstract class _aStemsAdj
·   ·   3.1.1 Derived class Adj.a
·   ·   ·   3.1.1.1 Derived class Part.Perf.
·   ·   ·   3.1.1.2 Derived class Superlative
·   ·   3.1.2 Derived abstract class _jaStemsAdj
·   ·   ·   3.1.2.1 Derived class Adj.ja
·   ·   ·   3.1.2.2 Derived class Adj.ia
·   ·   ·   3.1.2.3 Derived class Adj.i
·   ·   ·   3.1.2.4 Derived class Adj.u
·   ·   3.1.3 Derived abstract class _AdjWithWeakFemEIN
·   ·   ·   3.1.3.1 Derived class Part.Pres.
·   ·   ·   3.1.3.2 Derived class Comparative

Base class Verb
·   4.1 Derived abstract class _StrongVerb
·   ·   4.1.1 Derived class abl.V.1
·   ·   4.1.2 Derived class abl.V.2
·   ·   4.1.3 Derived class abl.V.3
·   ·   4.1.4 Derived class abl.V.4
·   ·   4.1.5 Derived class abl.V.5
·   ·   4.1.6 Derived class abl.V.6
·   ·   4.1.7 Derived abstract class _RedupVerb
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.1 Derived class red.V.1
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.2 Derived class red.V.2
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.3 Derived class red.V.3
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.4 Derived class red.V.4
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.5 Derived class red.V.5
·   ·   ·   4.1.7.6 Derived class red.-abl.V.
·   4.2 Derived abstract class _WeakVerb
·   ·   4.2.1 Derived class sw.V.1-j
·   ·   ·   4.2.1.1 Derived class sw.V.1-i
·   ·   4.2.2 Derived class sw.V.2
·   ·   4.2.3 Derived class sw.V.3
·   ·   4.2.4 Derived class sw.V.4
·   4.3 Derived class V.prt.-prs.

Base class Pers.Pron

Base class Pron.

Base class Num.1

Base class Num.2

Tagsets

1. Indeclinable

  1. FORM: Lemma

2. Noun

  1. NOM-SING: Nominative Singular
  2. ACC-SING: Accusative Singular
  3. DAT-SING: Dative Singular
  4. GEN-SING: Genitive Singular
  5. VOC-SING: Vocative Singular
  6. NOM-PLUR: Nominative Plural
  7. ACC-PLUR: Accusative Plural
  8. DAT-PLUR: Dative Plural
  9. GEN-PLUR: Genitive Plural
  10. VOC-PLUR: Vocative Plural

3. Adjective

  1. STRONG-MASC-NOM-SING: Strong Masculine Nominative Singular
  2. STRONG-MASC-ACC-SING: Strong Masculine Accusative Singular
  3. STRONG-MASC-DAT-SING: Strong Masculine Dative Singular
  4. STRONG-MASC-GEN-SING: Strong Masculine Genitive Singular
  5. STRONG-MASC-NOM-PLUR: Strong Masculine Nominative Plural
  6. STRONG-MASC-ACC-PLUR: Strong Masculine Accusative Plural
  7. STRONG-MASC-DAT-PLUR: Strong Masculine Dative Plural
  8. STRONG-MASC-GEN-PLUR: Strong Masculine Genitive Plural
  9. STRONG-FEM-NOM-SING: Strong Feminine Nominative Singular
  10. STRONG-FEM-ACC-SING: Strong Feminine Accusative Singular
  11. STRONG-FEM-DAT-SING: Strong Feminine Dative Singular
  12. STRONG-FEM-GEN-SING: Strong Feminine Genitive Singular
  13. STRONG-FEM-NOM-PLUR: Strong Feminine Nominative Plural
  14. STRONG-FEM-ACC-PLUR: Strong Feminine Accusative Plural
  15. STRONG-FEM-DAT-PLUR: Strong Feminine Dative Plural
  16. STRONG-FEM-GEN-PLUR: Strong Feminine Genitive Plural
  17. STRONG-NEUT-NOM-SING: Strong Neuter Nominative Singular
  18. STRONG-NEUT-ACC-SING: Strong Neuter Accusative Singular
  19. STRONG-NEUT-DAT-SING: Strong Neuter Dative Singular
  20. STRONG-NEUT-GEN-SING: Strong Neuter Genitive Singular
  21. STRONG-NEUT-NOM-PLUR: Strong Neuter Nominative Plural
  22. STRONG-NEUT-ACC-PLUR: Strong Neuter Accusative Plural
  23. STRONG-NEUT-DAT-PLUR: Strong Neuter Dative Plural
  24. STRONG-NEUT-GEN-PLUR: Strong Neuter Genitive Plural
  25. WEAK-MASC-NOM-SING: Weak Masculine Nominative Singular
  26. WEAK-MASC-ACC-SING: Weak Masculine Accusative Singular
  27. WEAK-MASC-DAT-SING: Weak Masculine Dative Singular
  28. WEAK-MASC-GEN-SING: Weak Masculine Genitive Singular
  29. WEAK-MASC-NOM-PLUR: Weak Masculine Nominative Plural
  30. WEAK-MASC-ACC-PLUR: Weak Masculine Accusative Plural
  31. WEAK-MASC-DAT-PLUR: Weak Masculine Dative Plural
  32. WEAK-MASC-GEN-PLUR: Weak Masculine Genitive Plural
  33. WEAK-FEM-NOM-SING: Weak Feminine Nominative Singular
  34. WEAK-FEM-ACC-SING: Weak Feminine Accusative Singular
  35. WEAK-FEM-DAT-SING: Weak Feminine Dative Singular
  36. WEAK-FEM-GEN-SING: Weak Feminine Genitive Singular
  37. WEAK-FEM-NOM-PLUR: Weak Feminine Nominative Plural
  38. WEAK-FEM-ACC-PLUR: Weak Feminine Accusative Plural
  39. WEAK-FEM-DAT-PLUR: Weak Feminine Dative Plural
  40. WEAK-FEM-GEN-PLUR: Weak Feminine Genitive Plural
  41. WEAK-NEUT-NOM-SING: Weak Neuter Nominative Singular
  42. WEAK-NEUT-ACC-SING: Weak Neuter Accusative Singular
  43. WEAK-NEUT-DAT-SING: Weak Neuter Dative Singular
  44. WEAK-NEUT-GEN-SING: Weak Neuter Genitive Singular
  45. WEAK-NEUT-NOM-PLUR: Weak Neuter Nominative Plural
  46. WEAK-NEUT-ACC-PLUR: Weak Neuter Accusative Plural
  47. WEAK-NEUT-DAT-PLUR: Weak Neuter Dative Plural
  48. WEAK-NEUT-GEN-PLUR: Weak Neuter Genitive Plural
  49. CMP: Comparative degree [Weak Masculine Nominative Singular --> redirect]
  50. SPR: Superlative degree [Strong Masculine Nominative Singular --> redirect]
  51. ADV: Adverb

4. Pronoun1

  1. NOM-SING: Nominative Singular
  2. ACC-SING: Accusative Singular
  3. DAT-SING: Dative Singular
  4. GEN-SING: Genitive Singular
  5. NOM-DUAL: Nominative Dual
  6. ACC-DUAL: Accusative Dual
  7. DAT-DUAL: Dative Dual
  8. GEN-DUAL: Genitive Dual
  9. NOM-PLUR: Nominative Plural
  10. ACC-PLUR: Accusative Plural
  11. DAT-PLUR: Dative Plural
  12. GEN-PLUR: Genitive Plural

5. Pronoun2

  1. MASC-NOM-SING: Masculine Nominative Singular
  2. MASC-ACC-SING: Masculine Accusative Singular
  3. MASC-DAT-SING: Masculine Dative Singular
  4. MASC-GEN-SING: Masculine Genitive Singular
  5. MASC-NOM-PLUR: Masculine Nominative Plural
  6. MASC-ACC-PLUR: Masculine Accusative Plural
  7. MASC-DAT-PLUR: Masculine Dative Plural
  8. MASC-GEN-PLUR: Masculine Genitive Plural
  9. FEM-NOM-SING: Feminine Nominative Singular
  10. FEM-ACC-SING: Feminine Accusative Singular
  11. FEM-DAT-SING: Feminine Dative Singular
  12. FEM-GEN-SING: Feminine Genitive Singular
  13. FEM-NOM-PLUR: Feminine Nominative Plural
  14. FEM-ACC-PLUR: Feminine Accusative Plural
  15. FEM-DAT-PLUR: Feminine Dative Plural
  16. FEM-GEN-PLUR: Feminine Genitive Plural
  17. NEUT-NOM-SING: Neuter Nominative Singular
  18. NEUT-ACC-SING: Neuter Accusative Singular
  19. NEUT-DAT-SING: Neuter Dative Singular
  20. NEUT-GEN-SING: Neuter Genitive Singular
  21. NEUT-INS-SING: Neuter Instrumentalis Singular
  22. NEUT-NOM-PLUR: Neuter Nominative Plural
  23. NEUT-ACC-PLUR: Neuter Accusative Plural
  24. NEUT-DAT-PLUR: Neuter Dative Plural
  25. NEUT-GEN-PLUR: Neuter Genitive Plural

6. Numeral1

  1. MASC-NOM: Masculine Nominative
  2. MASC-ACC: Masculine Accusative
  3. MASC-DAT: Masculine Dative
  4. MASC-GEN: Masculine Genitive
  5. FEM-NOM: Feminine Nominative
  6. FEM-ACC: Feminine Accusative
  7. FEM-DAT: Feminine Dative
  8. FEM-GEN: Feminine Genitive
  9. NEUT-NOM: Neuter Nominative
  10. NEUT-ACC: Neuter Accusative
  11. NEUT-DAT: Neuter Dative
  12. NEUT-GEN: Neuter Genitive

7. Numeral2

  1. INDECL: Not declined
  2. DAT: Dative
  3. GEN: Genitive

8. Verb

  1. INF: Infinitive
  2. PART-PRES: Participium Presens
  3. PART-PERF: Participium Perfectum
  4. ACT-IND-PRES-SING-1: Active Indicative Present 1st Person Singular
  5. ACT-IND-PRES-SING-2: Active Indicative Present 2nd Person Singular
  6. ACT-IND-PRES-SING-3: Active Indicative Present 3rd Person Singular
  7. ACT-IND-PRES-DUAL-1: Active Indicative Present 1st Person Dual
  8. ACT-IND-PRES-DUAL-2: Active Indicative Present 2nd Person Dual
  9. ACT-IND-PRES-DUAL-3: Active Indicative Present 3rd Person Dual
  10. ACT-IND-PRES-PLUR-1: Active Indicative Present 1st Person Plural
  11. ACT-IND-PRES-PLUR-2: Active Indicative Present 2nd Person Plural
  12. ACT-IND-PRES-PLUR-3: Active Indicative Present 3rd Person Plural
  13. ACT-IND-PRET-SING-1: Active Indicative Preterite 1st Person Singular
  14. ACT-IND-PRET-SING-2: Active Indicative Preterite 2nd Person Singular
  15. ACT-IND-PRET-SING-3: Active Indicative Preterite 3rd Person Singular
  16. ACT-IND-PRET-DUAL-1: Active Indicative Preterite 1st Person Dual
  17. ACT-IND-PRET-DUAL-2: Active Indicative Preterite 2nd Person Dual
  18. ACT-IND-PRET-DUAL-3: Active Indicative Preterite 3rd Person Dual
  19. ACT-IND-PRET-PLUR-1: Active Indicative Preterite 1st Person Plural
  20. ACT-IND-PRET-PLUR-2: Active Indicative Preterite 2nd Person Plural
  21. ACT-IND-PRET-PLUR-3: Active Indicative Preterite 3rd Person Plural
  22. ACT-OPT-PRES-SING-1: Active Optative Present 1st Person Singular
  23. ACT-OPT-PRES-SING-2: Active Optative Present 2nd Person Singular
  24. ACT-OPT-PRES-SING-3: Active Optative Present 3rd Person Singular
  25. ACT-OPT-PRES-DUAL-1: Active Optative Present 1st Person Dual
  26. ACT-OPT-PRES-DUAL-2: Active Optative Present 2nd Person Dual
  27. ACT-OPT-PRES-DUAL-3: Active Optative Present 3rd Person Dual
  28. ACT-OPT-PRES-PLUR-1: Active Optative Present 1st Person Plural
  29. ACT-OPT-PRES-PLUR-2: Active Optative Present 2nd Person Plural
  30. ACT-OPT-PRES-PLUR-3: Active Optative Present 3rd Person Plural
  31. ACT-OPT-PRET-SING-1: Active Optative Preterite 1st Person Singular
  32. ACT-OPT-PRET-SING-2: Active Optative Preterite 2nd Person Singular
  33. ACT-OPT-PRET-SING-3: Active Optative Preterite 3rd Person Singular
  34. ACT-OPT-PRET-DUAL-1: Active Optative Preterite 1st Person Dual
  35. ACT-OPT-PRET-DUAL-2: Active Optative Preterite 2nd Person Dual
  36. ACT-OPT-PRET-DUAL-3: Active Optative Preterite 3rd Person Dual
  37. ACT-OPT-PRET-PLUR-1: Active Optative Preterite 1st Person Plural
  38. ACT-OPT-PRET-PLUR-2: Active Optative Preterite 2nd Person Plural
  39. ACT-OPT-PRET-PLUR-3: Active Optative Preterite 3rd Person Plural
  40. PAS-IND-PRES-SING-1: Passive Indicative Present 1st Person Singular
  41. PAS-IND-PRES-SING-2: Passive Indicative Present 2nd Person Singular
  42. PAS-IND-PRES-SING-3: Passive Indicative Present 3rd Person Singular
  43. PAS-IND-PRES-DUAL-1: Passive Indicative Present 1st Person Dual
  44. PAS-IND-PRES-DUAL-2: Passive Indicative Present 2nd Person Dual
  45. PAS-IND-PRES-DUAL-3: Passive Indicative Present 3rd Person Dual
  46. PAS-IND-PRES-PLUR-1: Passive Indicative Present 1st Person Plural
  47. PAS-IND-PRES-PLUR-2: Passive Indicative Present 2nd Person Plural
  48. PAS-IND-PRES-PLUR-3: Passive Indicative Present 3rd Person Plural
  49. PAS-OPT-PRES-SING-1: Passive Optative Present 1st Person Singular
  50. PAS-OPT-PRES-SING-2: Passive Optative Present 2nd Person Singular
  51. PAS-OPT-PRES-SING-3: Passive Optative Present 3rd Person Singular
  52. PAS-OPT-PRES-DUAL-1: Passive Optative Present 1st Person Dual
  53. PAS-OPT-PRES-DUAL-2: Passive Optative Present 2nd Person Dual
  54. PAS-OPT-PRES-DUAL-3: Passive Optative Present 3rd Person Dual
  55. PAS-OPT-PRES-PLUR-1: Passive Optative Present 1st Person Plural
  56. PAS-OPT-PRES-PLUR-2: Passive Optative Present 2nd Person Plural
  57. PAS-OPT-PRES-PLUR-3: Passive Optative Present 3rd Person Plural
  58. ACT-IMP-PRES-SING-1: Active Imperative 1st Person Singular
  59. ACT-IMP-PRES-SING-2: Active Imperative 2nd Person Singular
  60. ACT-IMP-PRES-SING-3: Active Imperative 3rd Person Singular
  61. ACT-IMP-PRES-DUAL-1: Active Imperative 1st Person Dual
  62. ACT-IMP-PRES-DUAL-2: Active Imperative 2nd Person Dual
  63. ACT-IMP-PRES-DUAL-3: Active Imperative 3rd Person Dual
  64. ACT-IMP-PRES-PLUR-1: Active Imperative 1st Person Plural
  65. ACT-IMP-PRES-PLUR-2: Active Imperative 2nd Person Plural
  66. ACT-IMP-PRES-PLUR-3: Active Imperative 3rd Person Plural

Regular expressions

Syntax: Microsoft VBScript 5.5 Regular Expressions [https://www.regular-expressions.info/vbscript.html]

Entities:

Symbol Expression Description
{HV} /ƕ/ HWAIR-character (Unicode #x0195).
{Char} /[\wïþÞ{HV}]/ Valid word character.
{C} /[bdfghjklmnpqrstwxzþÞ{HV}]/ Consonant.
{V} /[aeuiïoāăēĕŏōŭū]/ Vowel
{C-BR} /[rh{HV}]/ Consonants causing ‘Vokalbrechung’ (Krause 1953, p. 77).
{D} /[dtþ]/ Dental consonants d, t or þ.
{_C} /(?={C}+$)/ Positive lookahead for one or more consonants in Auslaut.

Morphological classes

(1) Base class "Indeclinable" [tagset Indeclinable]

Description: Indeclinable word (preposition, conjunction, ...)

(2) Base class "Noun" [tagset Noun]

Description: Unspecified noun

(3) Abstract derived class "_VocStems" [inherits Noun]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of vocalic stems (strong declension)

(4) Abstract derived class "_MaStems" [inherits _VocStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of masculine a-stems [St §144; BE §89]

(5) Abstract derived class "_NaStems" [inherits _VocStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of neuter a-stems

(6) Derived class "Ma" [inherits _MaStems]

Description: Masculine a-stems [St §145; BE §90-91]

(7) Derived class "Na" [inherits _NaStems]

Description: Neuter a-stems [St §145; BE §93-94]

(8) Abstract derived class "_MjaStems" [inherits _MaStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of (masculine) ja-stems

(9) Abstract derived class "_NjaStems" [inherits _NaStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of neuter ja-stems

(10) Derived class "Mja" [inherits _MjaStems]

Description: Masculine short ja-stems [St §146; BE §90/92]

(11) Derived class "Mia" [inherits _MjaStems]

Description: Masculine long ja-stems [St §146; BE §90/92]

(12) Derived class "Nja" [inherits _NjaStems]

Description: Neuter short ja-stems [St §146; BE §93/95]

(13) Derived class "Nia" [inherits _NjaStems]

Description: Neuter long ja-stems [St §146; BE §93/95]

(14) Derived class "Mwa" [inherits _MaStems]

Description: Masculine wa-stems [St §147]

(15) Derived class "Nwa" [inherits _NaStems]

Description: Neuter wa-stems [St §147]

(16) Abstract derived class "_oStems" [inherits _VocStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of o-stems

(17) Derived class "Fo" [inherits _oStems]

Description: Pure ō-stems (feminine) [St §149; BE §96-97]

(18) Abstract derived class "_joStems" [inherits _oStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of o-stems

(19) Derived class "Fjo" [inherits _joStems]

Description: Short jō-stems (feminine) [St §150; BE §96-97]

(20) Derived class "Fio" [inherits _joStems]

Description: Long jō-stems (feminine) [St §150; BE §98]

(21) Derived class "Fwo" [inherits _oStems]

Description: wō-stems (feminine) [St §151; BE §97.A1]

(22) Abstract derived class "_iStems" [inherits _VocStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of i-stems [St §152; BE §99]

(23) Derived class "Mi" [inherits _iStems]

Description: Masculine i-stems [St §152; BE §100-101]

(24) Derived class "Fi" [inherits _iStems]

Description: Feminine i-stems [St §152; BE §102-103]

(25) Derived class "Fi-o" [inherits Fi]

Description: Feminine i/o-stems [St §152.A6; BE §103.A1]

(26) Abstract derived class "_uStems" [inherits _VocStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of u-stems [St §153; EB §104-105]

(27) Derived class "u" [inherits _uStems]

Description: Masculine OR Feminine u-stems [St §153; BE §104: “Bei einigen ist das Geschlecht zweifelhaft”]

(28) Derived class "Mu" [inherits _uStems]

Description: Masculine u-stems [St §153; BE §104-105]

(29) Derived class "Fu" [inherits _uStems]

Description: Feminine u-stems [St §153; BE §104-105]

(30) Derived class "Nu" [inherits _uStems]

Description: Neuter u-stems [St §153; EB §106]

(31) Derived class "Mu-i" [inherits _uStems]

Description: Masculine u/i-stems [St §163; EB §120.A1]

(32) Abstract derived class "_ConsStems" [inherits Noun]

(33) Derived class "Mn" [inherits _ConsStems]

Description: Masculine n-stems [St §155-156; BE §107-108]

(34) Derived class "Fn" [inherits _ConsStems]

Description: Feminine n-stems [St §155-157; BE §111-113]

(35) Derived class "Nn" [inherits _ConsStems]

Description: Neuter n-stems [St §155; BE §109-110]

(36) Abstract derived class "_rStems" [inherits _ConsStems]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of r-stems

(37) Derived class "Mr" [inherits _rStems]

Description: Masculine r-stems [St §158; BE §114]

(38) Derived class "Fr" [inherits _rStems]

Description: [Feminine r-stems]

(39) Derived class "Mnd" [inherits _ConsStems]

Description: Masculine nd-stems [St §159; BE §115]

(40) Abstract derived class "_RootNouns" [inherits Noun]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of root nouns (‘Wurzelnomina’) [BE §115b]

(41) Derived class "Fkons" [inherits _RootNouns]

Description: Feminine root nouns [St §160; BE §116]

(42) Derived class "Mkons" [inherits _RootNouns]

Description: Masculine root nouns [St §161; BE §117]

(43) Base class "Adjective" [tagset Adjective]

Description: Unspecified adjective

(44) Abstract derived class "_aStemsAdj" [inherits Adjective]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of a/o-stems.

(45) Derived class "Adj.a" [inherits _aStemsAdj]

Description: Pure a/o-stems [St §181; BE §123-124]

(46) Abstract derived class "_jaStemsAdj" [inherits _aStemsAdj]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of ja-stems

(47) Derived class "Adj.ja" [inherits _jaStemsAdj]

Description: Short ja/jo-stems [St §182; BE §125-126]

(48) Derived class "Adj.ia" [inherits _jaStemsAdj]

Description: Long ja/jo-stems [St §182; BE §127-128]

(49) Derived class "Adj.i" [inherits _jaStemsAdj]

Description: Partial i-stems (“nur noch in Resten vorhanden”; most forms went over into ja-declension) [St §183; BE §130]

(50) Derived class "Adj.u" [inherits _jaStemsAdj]

Description: Partial u-stems (“nur noch in Resten vorhanden”; most forms went over into ja-declension) [St §184; BE §131]

(51) Abstract derived class "_AdjWithWeakFemEIN" [inherits _aStemsAdj]

Description: Adjectives with weak fem. ein-stem [BE §132.A4]

(52) Derived class "Part.Pres." [inherits _AdjWithWeakFemEIN]

Description: Present participle [St §187.3; BE §133]

(53) Derived class "Comparative" [inherits _AdjWithWeakFemEIN]

Description: Adjectives: comparative degree [St §188; BE §135-136]

(54) Derived class "Part.Perf." [inherits Adj.a]

Description: Past participle [St §186.2; BE §134]

(55) Derived class "Superlative" [inherits Adj.a]

Description: Adjectives: superlative degree [St §189; BE §137]

(56) Base class "Verb" [tagset Verb]

Description: Unspecified verb

(57) Abstract derived class "_StrongVerb" [inherits Verb]

Description: Unspecified strong verb [St §201-202; BE §169-171]

(58) Derived class "abl.V.1" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 1: Ablautreihe ei/ái/i[aí]/i[aí]) [St §203; BE §172]

(59) Derived class "abl.V.2" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 2: Ablautreihe iu/áu/u[aú]/u[aú]) [St §204; BE §173]

(60) Derived class "abl.V.3" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 3: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/u[aú]/u[aú]) [St §205-206; BE §174]

(61) Derived class "abl.V.4" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 4: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/e/u[aú]) [St §207; BE §175]

(62) Derived class "abl.V.5" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 5: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/e/i[aí]) [St §208; BE §176]

(63) Derived class "abl.V.6" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Strong verb (class 6: Ablautreihe a/o/o/a) [St §209; BE §177]

(64) Abstract derived class "_RedupVerb" [inherits _StrongVerb]

Description: Abstract class defining common elements of reduplicating verbs

(65) Derived class "red.V.1" [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb (class 1: present stem contains -aiC-) [St §211; BE §178-179]

(66) Derived class "red.V.2" [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb (class 2: present stem contains -auC-) [St §211; BE §178-179]

(67) Derived class "red.V.3" [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb (class 3: present stem contains -ǎCC- or -āC-) [St §211; BE §178-179]

(68) Derived class "red.V.4" [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb (class 4: present stem contains -ēC-) [St §211; BE §178-179]

(69) Derived class "red.V.5" [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb (class 5: present stem contains -ō[C]-)

(70) Derived class "red.-abl.V." [inherits _RedupVerb]

Description: Reduplicating strong verb with Ablaut [St §212; BE §180-182]

(71) Abstract derived class "_WeakVerb" [inherits Verb]

Description: Unspecified weak verb

(72) Derived class "sw.V.1-j" [inherits _WeakVerb]

Description: Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / short stems) [St §216; BE §185-188]

(73) Derived class "sw.V.1-i" [inherits sw.V.1-j]

Description: Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems) [St §216; BE §185-188]

(74) Derived class "sw.V.2" [inherits _WeakVerb]

Description: Weak verb (class 2: -o-) [St §217; BE §189-190]

(75) Derived class "sw.V.3" [inherits _WeakVerb]

Description: Weak verb (class 3: -ai-) [St §218; BE §191-193]

(76) Derived class "sw.V.4" [inherits _WeakVerb]

Description: Weak verb (class 4: -na-) [St §219; BE §194-195]

(77) Derived class "V.prt.-prs." [inherits Verb]

Description: Preterite-presents (‘Die Verba präterito-präsentia haben Perfektform aber Präsensbedeutung’) [St §220; BE §196]

(78) Base class "Pers.Pron" [tagset Pronoun1]

Description: Personal pronouns (‘ungeschlechtige Pronomina’) [St §164; BE §150]

(79) Base class "Pron." [tagset Pronoun2]

Description: Enumeration of selected pronominal declensions [St §165-178; BE §152-166]

(80) Base class "Num.1" [tagset Numeral1]

Description: “Die drei ersten Zahlen sind in allen Kasus und Geschlechtern deklinierbar.” [BE §140]

(81) Base class "Num.2" [tagset Numeral2]

Description: “Die Zahlen 4-19 sind eingeschlechtig. [...] Diese Zahlen werden unflektiert gebraucht, im Gen. und Dat. können sie jedoch flektierte Formen [...] bilden.” [BE §141]